What a referrer URL is
When someone clicks a link and lands on your site, their browser usually sends a header called Referer (misspelled in the original HTTP specification) with the address of the page they came from.
A visitor who clicked a link in a Reddit thread arrives with a referrer like https://www.reddit.com/. A visitor who clicked a Google result arrives with https://www.google.com/. A visitor who typed your address, or followed a link from a chat app, usually arrives with no referrer at all and is counted as direct.
The classifier reads those values and maps each one to a category, using the same rules that power the Referscope dashboard.